A huge number of systemic pathologies can lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life, complete loss of performance and even serious disability.The diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system occur not only in old age.Each case 2-3 is observed in patients in working age.The most dangerous and scarcely susceptible to correction is arthrosis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by a thinning of the cartilage in large and small joints, which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of the movements and pain pronounced when trying to perform them.It is possible to prevent serious consequences only due to the appointment of adequate treatment in the early stages of the development of the disease.In this article we will discover the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern methods of diagnosis and arthrosis treatment.
The prevalence of osteoarthritis
Paying attention to statistical indicators, it can be discovered that arthrosis is a very relevant disease and every year the frequency of its onset is only growing.According to the World Health Organization, the pathology is observed in the seven percent of the population of the planet.This first puts it in the detection frequency compared to other ailments of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthosis is a chronic disease of the non -inflammatoryziology joints, leading to deformations in affected areas
Often the degeneration of the cartilage is observed in young people, more often it can be found in men.In the girls of the girls, interfalized arthrosis is often detected.After reaching the age of fifty years, the attendance of injuries and the location of the focus become approximately the same for the representatives of both sexes and is about 60%.
From the data presented, it can be understood that it is extremely important to identify the pathology in the early stages for the most effective drug therapy.Otherwise, the treatment of the arthrosis launched will be inaccessible to most elderly patients in relation to the financial component.
Causes and risk factors for the development of arthrosis
The frequency of onset of the joint disease presented has led to the fact that the problem is acute in the medical clubs of the highly developed countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent in arthrosis studies by main clinics every year.The gradual study of the problem has made it possible to discover the pathogenesis of the process and the factors that can increase the probability of the occurrence of the disease.
The modern and most complete classification of joint degeneration will be presented below, at this stage it is sufficient to understand that primary and secondary forms are distinguished.
The reasons that can lead to the development of a secondary joint disease include the following:
- congenital changes associated with the flow of blood to the joint joints;
- cartilage injuries, binding systems or bone growth areas;
- violations associated with metabolism, in particular with a mineral bond;
- autoimmune pathologies;
- infections that influence bone tissue;
- haemophilia.
Primary arthrosis is an independent disease, it can develop following the influence of these factors:
- Senile age;
- the presence of an excess of body weight;
- excessive physical activity;
- Surgical interventions in the joint;
- genetic predisposition;
- insufficient food intake and other minerals;
- chronic intoxication;
- Long and frequent stays at low temperatures;
- Frequent injury of the bone joint.
The mechanism of arthrosis development
The normal bone articulation consists of two or more heads of the joint, binding apparatus, cartilage and synovial fluid.All these structures provide mobility in a certain area of the musculoskeletal system without pain, they also allow the load obtained by walking and jumping, spreading it without causing damage to the body.
The arthrosis of the joints belongs to a group of diseases with polygieological origin.This means that very often the cause of development is the influence of an entire complex of trigger, including professional damage, overweight, elderly and malnutrition.The pathogenesis is that some influences lead to a significant deterioration of the flow of blood and the lymphatic flow from the specified area.
In addition, chondrocytes lose the ability of rapid regeneration and products of a normal amount of intra -articular fluid, which reduces the friction of the surfaces during movement.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and starts washing under the influence of pressure during the movements of the active body.
Gradually, the compensatory abilities of the fabrics are exhausted and a layer of chondrocyte is gradually canceled.When the degeneration reaches the bones, the pronounced pain develops and the mobility decreases significantly.Without adequate treatment, the patient can completely lose the ability of active movements and even to independently keep his needs.
Symptoms of arthrosis
The person does not find what arthrosis is, the disease gradually begins and does not show itself in the initial stages.Over time, the patient detects the appearance of a slight pain without a certain location, which has improved against the background of significant physical effort.The growing degeneration leads to the fact that the pains appear with small movements and obtain a clear position.
The less evident symptoms of the development of osteoarthritis include:
- "Painful" pains in case of time;
- crunch when it moves;
- rigidity in the morning;
- Muscle cramps.
With a deep injury of the cartilage, there are signs that indicate local inflammation, such as swelling, redness of the skin and a local increase in temperature.If a person does not seek help from a doctor, the symptoms progress and begin to appear not only against the background of physical exercises, but also at rest.
The thinning of a layer of chondrocytes leads to the deformation of the joints and the violation of the normal functioning of the limb.When you feel the pathological focus, the patient will notice the points of the greatest pain.In addition, the cartilage lip will be significantly inspected along the edge, which will indicate compensatory hypertrophy.
Pain
A large number of violations in the field of bone joints leads to some difficulties in the process of differential diagnosis.However, after evaluating the nature of pain, arthrite from the arthritis of another etiology can be distinguished.In the state described, painful sensations occur, when trying to perform active movements.Its intensity will gradually increase when trying to increase the load on the damaged joint.
The described clinical picture corresponds to the first phase of the process.In the second and third phase of the progression, the pains also appear in a complete state of rest, you can stop them only giving a comfortable position for the limb.The difference between arthritis is the constant presence of pain, which does not disappear when the location is changed and intensifies even at night.
Sowing of the joint
The destruction of the natural structure of the cartilage causes an active proliferation of condoroblasts, but each polypotent cell in our body has a certain division limit.This phenomenon is called compensatory buffer.This means that after a certain amount of mythotic divisions, the cell dies and can no longer reproduce its type.
After some time, this causes a change in the normal form of the joint gap, the appearance of the thus called "Christ" or the growth in its lumens and recesses.This phenomenon only aggravates the process, since the peaks formed during the destruction process cause further damage during movement.
Due to the change in the smoothness of the joint surface, the appearance of tuberosity and irregularities, the breadth of active and passive movements is significantly reduced.It is this symptom that most often makes the patient to ask for medical assistance.Unfortunately, at this stage, the effectiveness of the pharmacological treatment becomes too low, only the correction of the surgical articulation can correct the situation.
The features include:
- high probability of developing "contracture" or complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the limb;
- The stock is observed during the day and not only in the morning, as in arthritis;
- In some cases, the limb must be faded manually to give it a more convenient position.
Sounds in the joint
Many have heard a characteristic "crunchy" sound when the joints knead.There is a theory that this phenomenon is observed in a healthy person when the pressure in the capsule of the bone articulation in the capsule changes, consequently, the density of the synovial fluid changes dramatically and the gas bubbles, which are expanding quickly, quickly creating a spite of crust.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with arthrosis a similar sound appears following other processes.
Crysta cartilage was formed during the destruction of the cartilage of the joint and joint lip, leading to the formation of cracks and the renewal of the binding system.Even an inexperienced person will be able to distinguish the sound in the articulation with arthrosis: it is more rough and "dry".The severity and volume of the symptom described are directly proportional to the stage of the disease.
The details of the sounds in the arthrosis joint are:
- Their presence only in the stunning articulation;
- Always accompanied by a deterioration of mobility;
- The expense advances in the subsequent stages of the disease.
Changing the appearance of the joint
In the initial stages of the development of arthrosis, the process does not lead to a change in the form of a bone joint.An evident change can only be observed with a neglected disease, when a part of the joint is completely canceled and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area increases significantly and loses its natural form.The specified symptom is extremely unfavorable, since the presence of deformation in the region, for example the knee or hip joint, will invariably lead to changes in the area of lower structures due to the movement of the applied load axis.
Types and phases of osteoarthritis
The modern classification of arthrosis is quite branched, due to the vast list of the possible location of the pathological focus.
For convenience of communication between specialists from various medical centers and even countries in the issue of diagnosis and treatment of this disease, the main ones are distinguished:
- osteoarthritis of the hands;
- cervical;
- ankle;
- knee;
- Poliartrosi;
- hip;
- vertebral column.
When establishing a diagnosis, a very important stadium is exactly the exact determination of the stadium of the destructive process.The phases of the development of arthrosis are distinguished:
PHASE 1 - There are no completely visible changes in the form of the joint, ailments are observed in the biochemical composition of the intra -articular fluid, an insignificant pain syndrome appears, integrated by inflammatory manifestations in the joint.
PHASE 2 - A degenerative process is observed in the cartilage tissue, the forms of "Christ", the rigidity and the syndrome of significant pain during the movements are united.The destruction of the surrounding articulation of the muscles develops.
PHASE 3 - The presence of large outbreaks of the destruction of the cartilage is determined, the shape of the joint is modified, the breadth of active and passive movements in the limbs is significantly reduced or completely absent.Often in patients at this stage, contractures develop that they completely stop movements in the affected area.
Complications
An uncontrolled process of destruction can lead to serious complications that can, in addition to reducing the quality of life, lead to a complete inability to take care independently.
The most difficult includes:
- complete destruction of the cartilage tissue of the joint;
- contracture;
- the appearance of herniaic protrusions in the area of intervertebral discs;
- serious disability of the patient;
- Significant deformation of the limb.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, learn what arthrosis is and how to treat it in those phases when a significant effect is no longer possible to obtain a significant effect.It is necessary to engage in the correction of the condition of the musculoskeletal system after the appearance of the first symptoms and for life.This is due to the fact that the impact of the factors that contribute to the development of the disease is rarely possible to prevent.For example, the changes related to age in the flow of blood and in the lymphatic flow from the joint require the constant use of vascular drugs.Given the pathogenesis, the therapy should be complex and complete.To begin with, after the appearance of unpleasant sensations when moving, refer to a specialist of the rheumatological profile or traumatologist.The doctor, based on laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, will establish an accurate diagnosis and solve the problem of prescribing adequate treatment.
Treatment with medicines
In the early stages of arthrosis, you can correct the situation with the help of medicines.To this end, these drugs are used:
- hormones of the adrenal cortex;
- Non -pounding anti -inflammatory drugs;
- Preparations with chondroprotective effects.
A complex influence allows you to save the patient from pain, level the inflammatory process and restore the flow of normal blood in the shortest possible time.
The latest therapy
The advanced developments in the field of pharmacological treatment have led to the creation of new drugs, which are essentially substituted of the natural synovial liquid.The developed molecules can significantly reduce the cartilage degeneration process, reduce pain and save the patient from inflammatory phenomena.The artificial synovial fluid is introduced directly into the joint bag every week.The duration of a treatment course is 3-5 weeks.Usually, the result obtained is sufficient for a person's normal life for 6-12 months.Patients say that comfort and quality of life have significantly improved.Unfortunately, this tactic is applicable only in relation to people with 1-2 arthrosis stadium.
Surgical treatment
With serious damage to the large joints, such as the hip or knee, at the relatively young age up to 60 years, patients are offered an operation for a complete replacement of the joint.Today ceramic and titanium transplants that can completely restore the lost functions.These devices are quite strong and are able to provide the patient up to 20 years of life without problems with mobility in the replaced joints.
Popular recipes
Non -traditional medicine is widely used in the treatment of arthrosis.This is due to the fact that after interrupting an acute process, permanent therapy is required, aimed at restoring and maintaining the natural structure of the cartilage.To achieve the objectives, the products used must be safe and as natural as possible.
Compress and lotions with a decoction of the following plants are very popular:
- ginger root;
- cinnamon;
- Kalanchoe;
- turmeric;
- celery.
Diet with arthrosis
In the treatment of the pathology presented, it is extremely important to provide the body a constant intake of nutrients.This can only be achieved if compliance with proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements of the diet in terms of protein content, fats.To fill in the most appropriate power circuit, you should ask for help from a nutritionist.From the diet it is necessary to remove fast carbohydrates and alcohol.The base of the table should be fish dishes, red meat and fresh fruit.
It is very important to respect the following nutritional rules for arthrosis:
- balance;
- Eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
- Do not eat after 19:00;
- Get rid of excess body weight.
Prevention
There is no specific prevention of osteoarthritis today, due to the polygieological state.
It is possible to warn the onset of the disease by observing the general recommendations:
- adequate nutrition;
- moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
- normalization of body weight;
- frequent fractional nutrition;
- compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
- Refusal of bad habits.
Conclusion
The pathological condition presented of the musculoskeletal system is often observed in older patients.It is necessary to increase the frequency of early diagnosis of the disease, since only in this case it is possible to count on a positive outcome from the conservative treatment.The prognosis for the work capacity, without prejudice to the identification and early identification of all the doctor's prescriptions.The presence of arthrosis of the third stage is accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis and can lead to the complete inability of the patient to serve himself.
However, even the most serious form of the disease is adapted with the help of surgical treatment, whose disadvantages are:
- trauma of the operation;
- high costs;
- long period of rehabilitation;
- Cannot be applied to patients over the age of 60.